Title: Biological and pomological characteristics of autochthonous plum cultivars collected in western Serbia

Authors:Ivana Glišić, Nebojša Milošević, Jelena Tomić, Mira Milinković, Milena Đorđević, Slađana Marić, Sanja Radičević, Branko Popović

Download: PDF

Abstract: During 2020 and 2021, the flowering phenophase and the most important characteristics of trees and fruits of fourteen in situcollected autochthonous plum genotypes grown in the area of western Serbia were studied. The results showed that none of the collected genotypes had low vigour, while the suckering tendency varied from low to extremely high, and yield efficiency ranged from medium to good. All studied genotypes were characterized by a long flowering period, with genotypes ‘[-GMNe/1’ and ‘[-U`K/5’ standing out for their very late onset of flowering. The tested genotypes had oval to elliptical fruit shape, small stone and medium flesh percentage. Regarding fruit size, most genotypes belonged to the small fruit group, a few were classified as medium-sized fruit and only one genotype (‘[-KrGP/2’) fell into the large fruit category. Regarding the content of soluble solids, all tested genotypes showed good fruit quality. However, genotype ‘[-ČaB/1’ was characterized by the highest content of soluble solids, total and invert sugars, which indicate its particular chemical composition.

Key words: plant data, flowering phenophase, morphometric properties, chemical composition of fruit

Title: Evaluation of sour cherry (Prunus cerasusL.) landraces originated from the west Serbia region

Authors:Aleksandra Korićanac, Sanja Radičević, Slađana Marić, Ivana Glišić, Nebojša Milošević, Olga Mitrović, Branko Popović

Download: PDF

Abstract: Autochthonous genotypes of sour cherry (Prunus cerasusL.) are important source of genetic variability and represent valuable material for breeding work. In order to evaluate the main biological properties of ten sour cherry landraces (‘GV-6’, ‘GV-7’, ‘GV-8’, ‘GV-10’, ‘GV-11’, ‘GV13’, ‘GV-14’, ‘GV-15’, ‘GV-16’, ‘GV-17’) from the West Serbia region, flowering and ripening time, fruit quality traits (morphometric, chemical and organoleptic), tree vigour, yield and field resistance to causal agents of diseases (cherry leaf spot and brown rot) were investigated. The highest average fruit weight was found in ‘GV-10’ and ‘GV-13’ (>7.5 g), whereas the highest soluble solids content was detected in ‘GV-7’ (17.30%). In terms of field resistance to pathogens, ‘GV-6’ and ‘GV10’ showed the best performance. Owing to desirable biological and productive traits, some of the examined genotypes (‘GV-6’ and ‘GV-10’) have already been used as parents in the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak sour cherry breeding programme. Furthermore, ‘GV-6’ and ‘GV-10’ have potential for commercial production.

Key words: autochthonous genotypes, morphometric properties, sugars, acidity, sensory properties, field resistance

Title: In vitroperformance of fresh and stored plum (Prunus domesticaL.) pollen

Authors:Milena Đorđević, Tatjana Vujović, Radosav Cerović, Ivana Glišić, Nebojša Milošević, Slađana Marić, Sanja Radičević

Download: PDF

Abstract: In this study, the in vitroperformance of fresh and pollen stored for three months at different constant temperatures was investigated in three plum cultivars (‘Valerija’, ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, ‘Valjevka’). Pollen was collected from flowers in the late balloon phase and, after drying, stored for three months at four different constant temperatures (+4°C, -20°C, -80°C, -196°C). Pollen tube length as well as the nuclear presence in the pollen tube and its migration were examined. In vitropollen tube length was tested after a 24-hour germination period, after which the pollen tube was stained with Hoechst 33258 to observe the nuclear presence within it. The longest average pollen tube length in all tested cultivars was observed with fresh pollen. With the pollen stored at low temperatures, a longer pollen tube was obtained compared to pollen stored at +4°C. In all cultivars, mature pollen grains at the binucleate stage contained a vegetative nucleus (VN) and a generative nucleus (GN). Although at each storage temperature a higher percentage of GN was achieved in pollen tubes compared to fresh ones, nevertheless, regular movement of nuclei, primarily VN rather than GN or sperm nucleus (SN), was found in the highest percentage in all tested cultivars.

Key words: European plum, pollen tube, vegetative nucleus, generative nucleus, sperm nucleus

Title: Evaluation of multiplication potential of cold stored shoot cultures of selected fruit genotypes

Authors:Tatjana Vujović, Tatjana Anđelić, Đurđina Ružić

Download: PDF

Abstract: We presented the results about preserving in vitroselected fruit genotypes by cold storage strategy and the capacity for following shoot multiplication. The investigation included five fruit genotypes: plum ‘Požegača’, cherry rootstocks (‘Gisela 5’ and ‘Tabel Edabriz’), raspberry ‘Meeker’, and blackberry ‘Čačanska Bestrna’. The best results were achieved with shoots of the plum cultivar ‘Požegača’ which can be successfully stored at 5°C up to 10 months, without subculturing producing viable shoots. Furthermore, a significant increase in the multiplication index (13.0) of this genotype was noticed especially in shoots cultivated for 21 days under standard growing conditions, followed by storage at 5°C in total darkness for six months. ‘Gisela 5’ and ‘Tabel Edabriz’ cherry rootstocks were successfully preserved for three months in the same manner, and the plants (100%) well recovered. After being stored in cold conditions, the multiplication index of shoots in both rootstocks exhibited an increase ranging from 1.7 to 4.8 times compared to those grown under standard conditions. The viability rate ofin vitroshoots of the raspberry cultivar ‘Meeker’ in cold conditions was also high (>67%). In this genotype, as well as in both cherry rootstocks, slow growth storage was accompanied by slow nitrogen uptake from the medium. In addition, the multiplication potential of encapsulated raspberry ‘Meeker’ and blackberry ‘Čačanska Bestrna’ and cold stored (5°C, darkness) shoot tips was evaluated. Encapsulated shoot tips of ‘Čačanska Bestrna’ (18.8%) and ‘Meeker’ (6.3%) survived the monthly cold storage period and exhibited regrowth. Shoots of selected genotypes were capable of multiplication in successive subcultures after cold storage, and often the multiplication indexes were higher compared to the control shoots that were consistently grown under standard conditions in the growth chamber. These results represent a significant contribution to the revitalization and further development of the national fruit gene bank.

Key words: Fruit tree germplasm, in vitrocold storage, encapsulation, survival, multiplication

Title: EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE APPLE FRUIT QUALITY AND STORABILITY POTENTIAL

Authors:Slavica Spasojević, Dejan Đurović, Jasminka Milivojević, Dragan Radivojević

Download: PDF

Abstract: The use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) as an effective means of regulating fruit yield and quality is now common practice in apple production. During fruit growth and development, various treatments are carried out to achieve fruit quality that meets market requirements, and after harvest to maintain quality and allow long storage and supply of fresh fruit to the market. The effect of PGRs on fruit quality and storability can be achieved by regulating vigor and yield, improving fruit quality, preventing fruit drop, and improving fruit storability. The synthetic PGRs most commonly used for these purposes are auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, jasmonic acid, ethephon, inhibitors of gibberellin synthesis, and inhibitors of the synthesis or action of ethylene.

Key words: NAA, 6-BA, GA, etephon, 1-MCP, AVG

Title: Antimicrobial activity of European plum fruits (Prunus domesticaL.) depending on altitude

Authors:Svetlana M. Paunović, Pavle Mašković, Žaklina Karaklajić-Stajić, Jelena Tomić, Boris Rilak

Download: PDF

Abstract: The research aimed to establish the antimicrobial activity of plum fruits in inhibiting the development of selected bacteria and fungi strains. Eight plum cultivars (‘Čačanska Rana’, ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, ‘Timočanka’, ‘Čačanska Najbolja’, ‘Mildora’, ‘Krina’, ‘Čačanska Rodna’, and ‘Stanley’) from two different growing locations (300 and 550 m altitudes) were included in the study. Antimicrobial activity of the plum extract was determined using the microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentration ‡ MIC). The antimicrobial activity significantly varied among the tested cultivars and altitudes. The cultivars showed different antibacterial activity, with MICvalues ranging from 21.97 to 195.31 μg ml-1and antifungal activity ranging from 21.97 to 63.49 μg ml-1. Depending on the altitude, antibacterial activity in the plum fruits ranged from 19.53 to 260.41 μg ml-1, and antifungal activity varied from 19.53 to 97.67 μg ml-1. In general, plum fruits showed the highest activity against Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger. The obtained results suggested that plum fruits have significant antimicrobial activity, which can contribute to the global acceptance of plums as a functional food.

Key words: Prunus domesticaL, cultivar, altitude, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity