Title: ‘Čačanska Rodna’ a plum cultivar for drying

Authors: Olga Mitrović, Branko Popović, Ivana S. Glišić, Aleksandra Korićanac, Aleksandar Leposavić, Darko Jevremović, Nemanja Miletić

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Abstract: The paper presents the results of the variability of quality of dried fruits of ‘Čačanska Rodna’ during the fourteen-year period, depending on the characteristics of the fresh fruits used for drying and climatic conditions during their ripening. Fruits from the plantations of Fruit Research Institute Čačak, at Preljinsko Brdo facility, where standard agroand pomotechnical measures are regularly applied, were used for the examination. The fruits intended for drying of approximately same weight and adequate ripeness degree were picked selectively. Drying was performed in the experimental dryer at the air temperature 90°C until reaching 75% of the total dry matter in the dried fruit. Based on the results of examining chemical composition of fresh and dried plums, it can be concluded that the fruits of ‘Čačanska Rodna’ are suitable for drying regardless of climatic conditions during the summer period and that the desired sweet-sour taste of prunes can be obtained by processing fruits with soluble solids content higher than 18%.

Key words: plum, prune, chemical composition, sugar-acid ratio

Title: ‘Čačanska Rodna’ plum cultivar for spirit production

Authors: Branko Popović, Ninoslav Nikićević, Vele Tešević, Ivan Urošević, Olga Mitrović, Nemanja Miletić, Nebojša Milošević

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Abstract: During the five year period, technological characteristics of fully ripen fruits of ‘Čačanska Rodna’, ‘Stanley’ and ‘Požegača’ grown in the same locality were comparatively studied, as well as the chemical composition and sensory characteristics of plum spirits obtained by their processing. The plums were processed traditionally, which included fruit crushing (without stone removing), spontaneous fermentation of the mash and double distillation in alembic. All examined characteristics of fruits and monovarietal plum spirits varied significantly depending on the year of the harvest, and their ranges of variation during the five-year period were shown accordingly. The possibilities of using cultivar ‘Čačanska Rodna’ for production of plum spirit according to the traditional procedure in comparison with the parent cultivars have been considered.

Key words: plum, ‘Čačanska Rodna’, plum spirit, chemical composition, sensory characteristics

Title: Growth and productivity of apricot cultivars in the Belgrade area

Authors: Dragan Milatović, Dejan Đurović, Gordan Zec

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Abstract: Growth and productivity characteristics (shoot length, flower bud density, fruit set, fruit weight, yield per tree, trunk cross-sectional area and yield efficiency) were studied in 15 apricot cultivars in the Belgrade area during the period of two years (2013-2014). The cultivar ‘Hungarian Best’ was used as a control for comparison. The average length of fruiting shoots ranged from 68.8 to 84.5 cm, and the number of flower buds per 1 cm of shoot length varied from 0.40 to 1.20. Nine cultivars are characterized by higher flower bud density in comparison to the control cultivar. The average fruit set ranged from 2.4 to 36.2%. Compared to control, fruit set was significantly higher in ‘Cegledi Arany’ and ‘Roxana’, while it was lower in ‘Laycot’. The average fruit weight ranged from 39.3 to 88.9 g. Compared to control, fruit weight was significantly higher in five cultivars: ‘Sophia’, ‘Neptun’, ‘Roxana’, ‘Cegledy Arany’, and ‘Goldrich’, and it was lower in two cultivars: ‘Ninfa’ and ‘Tomcot’. The average yield per tree was the lowest in the control cultivar, ‘Hungarian Best’ (6.6 kg) and the highest in ‘Sylred’ (29.6 kg). In majority of cultivars (ten) the yield was significantly higher than in the control cultivar. The lowest vigor was recorded in ‘Neptun’, and the highest in ‘Ninfa’. All cultivars had higher cumulative yield efficiency than the control (‘Hungarian Best’ with 0.13 kg cm-2) and it ranged from 0.18 to 0.49 kg cm-2.

Key words: Prunus armeniaca, fruit set, yield, vigor, fruit weight

Title: Cherry breeding work at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak past, present and future

Authors: Sanja Radičević, Slađana Marić, Radosav Cerović

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Abstract: Cherry breeding work at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak has had a long tradition since its initiation in 1960, using planned hybridization within Prunus avium L. and Prunus cerasus L. as the main method. Two sweet cherry (‘Asenova Rana’ and ‘Čarna’) and two sour cherry cultivars (‘Šumadinka’ and ‘Čačanski Rubin’) have been released in the previous period, and three new sour cherry cultivars (‘Sofija’, ‘Nevena’ and ‘Iskra’) have been named and released in 2015. Current sour cherry breeding started in 2011, and is based on the use of domestic genotypes, well adapted to the environmental conditions of the area, and introduced genotypes known sources of resistance, with a high cropping potential and good fruit quality. Special attention has been paid to sour cherry germplasm from the West Serbia region, whose variability is an abundant source of diversity for clonal selection and using the autochthonous genotypes in commercial growing, or as parents in planned hybridization. Nowadays, one sweet cherry (‘V/60’) and two sour cherry (‘GV-6’ and ‘GV-10’) genotypes are under procedure of recognition at Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. The investigations are also focused on different aspects of cherry floral biology flowering phenology, pollen quality, monitoring the pollen tubes growth in the pistil, and cytoembryology. Reproductive behaviour as pollen donors/recipients were considered from the context of genotypic specificities, and their expressions in relation to flowering temperature, especially warmer. Decades-long research work on selfand cross-(in)compatibility in cherries was started by monitoring fruit set percentage under field conditions, and later developed by observing pollen tubes growth in the pistil using fluorescence microscopy, to find solutions for the adequate choice of cultivars combinations that provide the best performance in terms of fruit set and yields. In addition, S-genotyping of autochthonous, domestic and foreign sweet cherry cultivars has also been begun by using consensus and specific primers for identification of S-RNase alleles.

Key words: P. avium, P. cerasus, breeding, selection, new cultivars, floral biology, S-(in)compatibility

Naslov: Effect of different cultivation systems on yield and fruit quality of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars

Authors: Svetlana M. Paunović, Mira Milinković, Žaklina Karaklajić-Stajić, Jelena Tomić, Boris Rilak

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Abstract: The experiment evaluated the yield and fruit quality (soluble solids content, total sugars, invert sugars, total acids, pH value) of six black currant cultivars (‘Ben Lomond’, ‘Ben Sarek’, ‘Titania’, ‘Čačanska Crna’, ‘Tisel’ and ‘Tiben’) in different cultivation systems (bare fallow, sawdust mulch and black foil mulch). During the five-year research period, the average yield per bush and that per unit area were highest in ‘Tiben’, and lowest in ‘Ben Sarek’. The highest content of soluble solids was determined in ‘Tisel’, while ‘Čačanska Crna’ had the highest content of total and invert sugars. In contrast, the highest values for total acids and pH value were obtained in ‘Tisel’. In terms of cultivation systems, sawdust mulch treatments led to significantly higher values of yield per bush and per unit area compared to bare fallow and foil mulch. Black foil mulch had a significant positive effect on the synthesis of soluble solids and sugars, while sawdust mulch had the effect on the accumulation of acids and pH value. The results suggested that black currants grow well under varied cultivation systems, and indicated that cultivation systems had a significant effect on yield and fruit quality.

Key words: Ribes nigrum L., cultivation systems, yield, fruit quality