Title: INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DEPTH ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF APPLE (Malus domestica Borkh.) CULTIVAR ‘DELBARDESTIVAL®’ GRAFTED ON M9 ROOTSTOCK

Authors: Matjaž Beber

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Abstract: . The influence of different planting depth on growth and yield of the apple trees was observed in Fruit Research Center Maribor in years 2001‡2006, and 2016. The studied cultivar was ‘Delbardestival®’ grafted on M9 rootstock. The apple trees were planted on a height of 20 cm, 10 cmand 5 cmof the grafted place above the surface of soil. In experiment the measurements of vegetative parameters (one-year’s increase of the trunk circumference, the number of shoots, average and total length of shoots) and generative parameters (yield per tree) have been done. The results showed influence of different planting depth on yield and number of shoots in first two years. Shallow planted trees had higher yield and lower numbers of the shoots. In the 3rd, 4thand 5thyear, impact of the planting depth on the growth of the trunk and lengths of the shoots has been increased. The trees planted deep has stronger growth in the top of crown after 17 years. Correlation between growth and yield in the trees planted deep was more pronounced. Correlation between the trunk extent and the yield in the trees that planted deep decreases with age. In deeper planted trees, after six years we reduced difference between the the yield and the number of the shoots, but we increased growth of trunk and length of shoots.

Key words: apple trees, ‘Delbardestival®’, M9 rootstock, depth of theplanting, vegetative potential of apple tree, yield

Title: Effective temperature amounts required for entering into individual phenophases for various genetic types ofChaenomelessp.

Authors: Teodora Mihova, Diyan Georgiev, Georgi Popski, Tatyana Bozhanska

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Abstract: Phenology is a very important element of the ecology of fruit trees affecting their geographical distribution and yield. The compliance with the specific requirements of the species guarantees to a great extent the positive result in its production. The genotypes of Chaenomeles differ distinctly in the course of individual phenophases during the vegetation period. The experiment was conducted in the five-year period (2008‡2012) in the collection plantations of RIMSA-Troyan. In five genotypes ofChaenomelessp. the beginning of vegetation, the beginning and end of blossoming and ripening of fruit were observed. Besides, the effective temperature amounts required in the course of individual phenophases for these genotypes were estimated.

Key words: Chaenomelessp., genotype, phenology, effective temperature amount

Title: EVALUATION OF CORNELIAN CHERRY (Cornus masL.) VARIETIES AND SELECTIONS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF GORNJE POLIMLJE REGION

Authors: Vučeta Jaćimović, Đina Božović

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Abstract: Although cornelian cherry is well-known for years and used as food and medicine, it is still the part of less important fruit species. Many examinations have shown that its fruit has high nutritive value, and as a result of that its plantation has started, so we can say that it represents very perspective fruit species whose time is yet to come. Two-year examination of six introduced varieties and selections (‘Apatinski Rani’, ‘Ba~ka’, ‘Krupnoplodni NS’, ‘Era’, ‘Lukjanovski’ and ‘Ki{injevski @uti’) and four local selections (‘Kosten 1’, ‘Kosten 2’, ‘Kosten 3’ and ‘Boro’) in Gornje Polimlje area are shown in the paper. The following features were examined: the ripening time, physical and chemical characteristics of fruit. The aim of the work was to recommend the best varieties and selections of cornelian cherry for commercial cultivation in this area. The examined genotypes had the ripening time in the period of two months. The variety ‘Ki{injevski @uti’ and selection ‘Boro’ had the yellow fruit skin colour and the other cultivars and selections had red or dark red skin colour. The selection ‘Kosten 3’, and varieties ‘Lukjanovski’ and ‘Ki{injevski @uti’ had the fruits of the biggest size (4.32-4.92 g). The mesocarp ratio was between 79.61% and 88.06%. The lowest value of soluble solids had the selection ‘Boro’ (17.24%), while the highest value of soluble solids had ‘Apatinski Rani’ (20.15%). The highest values of acids (2.58%) and the total sugar content (13.98%) had the fruits of the variety ‘Apatinski Rani’, and the highest values of inverted sugars had the fruits of ‘Lukjanovski’ (13.06%).

Key words: cornelian cherry, varieties, selections, Gornje Polimlje

Title: ROOTSTOCK INFLUENCE ON YIELD, VIGOR AND POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALMOND CULTIVARS

Authors: Slavica Čolić, Gordan Zec, Ivana Bakić, Dragan Rahović, Milica Fotirić-Akšić

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Abstract: The paper presents results of a study conducted in Surduk during 2014‡2016, in almond orchard that reached full production capacity. The trial included three almond cultivars (‘Troito’, ‘Texas’ and ‘Marcona’) grafted onto two rootstocks (cherry plum seedlings and GF 677). Yield, vigor, and pomological characteristics of nut and kernel were evaluated in order to recommend an appropriate rootstock for commercial almond growing. Generally, the trees onto vegetative rootstock GF 677 had higher yield, were vigorous and had higher values of most of studied characteristics than the trees grafted onto generative rootstock. Within the studied cultivars, ‘Texas’ showed the highest values for fruit weight and ratio, while ‘Marcona’ showed the lowest values. On the basis of the results we can recommend GF 677 as suitable rootstock for orchards with standard planting distance (500 trees per hectare), without irrigation, so as for soils containing higher level of lime.

Key words: almond, rootstock, cherry plum, GF 677, vigor, pomological characteristics, yield

Title: Biochemical composition of dried fruits of three plum cultivars after different drying methods

Authors: Diyan Georgiev, Boryana Brashlyanova, Petya Ivanova, Boryana Stefanova, Severina Valeva, Maria Georgieva, Georgi Popski, Denitsa Hristova

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Abstract: Innovative technology of an alternative energy source has been applied for drying plum fruits. A comparative analysis of the biochemical composition was conducted for fresh and dried fruits of three plum cultivars:‘Tegera’,‘Katinka’ and‘Čačanska Lepotica’. The technological process of drying was conducted by two methods: a heat pump and an alternative energy source. The influence of different drying methods on values of the biochemical composition of fruits was studied. For both drying variants, higher values for all studied chemical indicators, in comparison with the fresh fruits were found, except for content of anthocyanins in the prunes ‘Tegera’ and‘Katinka’ dried by means of alternative energy source.

Key words: plum, cultivars, fruit, drying, biochemical composition, anthocyanins, tannins

Title: AGROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL IN THE MUNICIPALTY OF ČAJETINA

Authors: Mira Milinkovic, Žaklina Karakljić Stajić, Jelena Tomić, Svetlana M. Paunović, Milan Lukić, Nebojša Milošević, Rade Miletić

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Abstract: This paper presents the test results of agrochemical characteristics of soil in the municipality of Čajetina. We have analyzed the basic parameters of soil fertility (pH/H2O, pH/KCl, CaCO3, humus, total N, easy accessible P2O5, K2O) of agricultural land: meadows, ploughland, stubble, fallow and plantation of different kinds of fruit trees, with two sampling depths (0‡30 and 30‡60 cm). Analysis of the results obtained in soils without planted fruit trees, have shown that pH/H2O is acidic to slightly acidic reaction, pH/KCl slightly acid to neutral reaction, low ash content, low to very high content of humus and total nitrogen, very low to low content of available P2O5and medium to good supplies of easy accessible K2O on most sites tested. Soil under planted fruit trees have shown lower reaction of active and substitutional acidity of the soil solution, lower carbonate content, humus and total nitrogen, very low content of easy accessible P2O5 (67.40 to 76.09% of the sampled area depending on the depth of sampling) and a good supply of easy accessible K2O.

Key words: Čajetina, soil fertility, agrochemical characteristics, fruit tree plantation