Title: BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AUTOCHTHONOUS PEAR (Pyrus communis L.) CULTIVARS IN GORNJE POLIMLJE REGION

Authors: Vučeta Jaćimović, Đina Božović, Biljana Lazović

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Abstract: In the period 2014-2015, examination of autochthonous pear cultivars in the Gornje Polimlje area was conducted (in situ conditions). Cultivars were grafted on wild pear seedlings. The trees were in free growth, without use of agro-technical measurments. The most important biological characteristics of 17 autochthonous cultivars of pears from the area are presented. The earliest fruit ripening time observed in ‘Pećanka’ (beginning of August), and the latest in ‘Sijerak’ and ‘Turšijača’ (beginning of October). Fruit weight ranged from 25.28 g (‘Crvenka’) to 146.30 g (‘Begar’). Cultivars ‘Turšijača’, ‘Jeribasma’ and ‘Begar’ were characterized by large fruit. The very high content of soluble solids in the fruits was observed in ‘Begar’ (18.5%), ‘Zelenka’ (19.0%) and ‘Vidovača’ (22.17%).

Key words: pear, autochthonous germplasm, phenological properties, pomological properties, Gornje Polimlje

Title: Comparative testing of four plum cultivars on four rootstocks in intensive plantation

Authors: Boryana Stefanova, Georgi Popski

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Abstract: The experiment was conducted during the period 2013-2015 in the intensive plum plantation of RIMSA Troyan, established in 2005 with cultivars ‘Stanley’, ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, ‘Hanita’ and ‘Jojo’ grafted onto four rootstocks: ‘Brompton’, ‘GF 655-2’, ‘Wavit’, and Myrobalan seedling, with planting distance 4  1.7 m. The vegetative characteristics of the trees, such as: trunk cross-sectional area (cm2), volume (m3) and projection (m2) of the crown were studied, as well as productive characteristics: yield per tree (kg) and fruit weight (g). Chemical analysis for identifying biochemical composition of fresh fruit was also conducted. It was found that at the age of 10 years, at a time of full fruiting, trees from different cultivar/rootstock combinations had different strength of growth. ‘Stanley’ and ‘Jojo’ grafted on Myrobalan seedling had the largest volume of tree (21.56 m3; 15.86 m3, respectively) and projection of tree (13.04 m2; 10.46 m2, respectively), followed by ‘Stanley’ and ‘Jojo’ grafted on ‘Brompton’. The lowest tree vigour was found in all cultivars grafted on ‘Wavit’. In the early ripening cultivar ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, fruit weight ranged from 25 to 35 g. This cultivar had the highest yield. ‘Jojo’ grafted on Myrobalan seedling had the largest fruit weight (42.45 g), but very low yield per tree. Cultivar ‘Hanita’, especially with the strong growing rootstocks (Myrobalan seedling and ‘Brompton’), had high yield per tree, but very small fruit weight, ranged from 19 to 23 g.

Key words: plum, cultivars, rootstocks, intensive orchard

Title: PHENOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) CULTIVARS GROWN IN WESTERN SERBIA

Authors: Aleksandar Leposavić, Darko Jevremović, Branko Popović, Olga Mitrović, Dragan Đurović, Zoran Keserović

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Abstract: Ecological and physiological studies of highbush blueberry are primarily aimed to define abiotical factors that affect the possibility of growing and achieving the yielding potential of a particular cultivar in given agro-ecological conditions. To this end, during three years we studied phenological properties of five highbush cultivars in the agro-ecological conditions of Western Serbia. The study showed that environmental factors and the length of the vegetation period do not represent limiting factors for growing highbush blueberries in this part of Serbia.

Key words: : highbush blueberry, phenophases, vegetation period

Title: Interactive effect of soil management systems and cultivar on biological properties of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.)

Authors: Svetlana M. Paunović, Mihailo Nikolić, Rade Miletić, Žaklina Karaklajić-Stajić, Mira Milinković, Jelena Tomić, Marijana Pešaković

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Abstract: This experiment evaluated the effect of soil management system on the vegetative growth potential (number of shoots per bush, shoot length and bush volume), generative potential (berry weight and yield per bush) and chemical fruit properties including soluble solids content, individual invert sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose), individual organic acids (citric and malic acid), and vitamin C of black currant cultivars. Three soil management systems were used: treatment 1 bare fallow i.e. continuous tillage; treatment 2 sawdust mulch; and treatment 3 black polyethylene foil mulch. Four black currant cultivars were included ‘Ben Sarek’, ‘Titania’, ‘Čačanska Crna’ and ‘Tisel’. Soil management systems and cultivars showed highly significant impact on the tested parameters. Soil management system  cultivar interaction was observed in the vegetative growth and generative potential, but not in the fruit chemical properties, except in the soluble solids content.

Key words: black currant, cultivar, soil management systems, productivity, fruit quality

Title: Fig production in Turkey

Authors: Aytekin A. Polat

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Abstract: Turkey lead fig-producing countries with 300,600 metric tons, accounting for 27% of total world production in 2015. Turkey has a share of about 50-55% in dried fig production and 52-58% in fig exports. A portion close to the total of fig production (85-90%) is exported. Although the number of countries importing Turkish figs is increasing, more than 70% is sent to the EU markets. An important amount of dried fig production in Turkey is carried out in Aydin province in the Aegean region of Turkey. The main variety for drying is ‘Sarilop’ (‘Calimyrna’) in Turkey. ‘Sarilop’ cultivar, which is favored in all fig producing countries for its quality, is grown only in the Küçük and Büyük Menderes river basins in the Aegean region in Turkey. Fresh fig production in Turkey is seldom found in dedicated orchards except in the regions of Bursa, Içel (Mut), Manisa (Turgutlu-Salihli), and Hatay. ‘Bursa Siyahi’ is one of the most preferable and the highest quality for fresh fig in the world market and is exported increasingly. However, there are many other good quality fresh fig cultivars such as ‘Yediveren’,’Goklop’, ‘Morguz’, ‘Sari Zeybek’, and ‘Yesilguz’ cultivars.

Key words: Ficus carica L., cultivars, production, cultivation, marketing

Title: Flowers biology of some Turkish pomegranates

Authors: Hakan Engin, Zeliha Gökbayrak

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Abstract: Studying flower morphology of fruiting species provides insight into their pollination and fertilization biology. Flower biology of a certain species might show differences in different environmental conditions. In order to assess floral morphology of Turkish pomegranate cultivars ‘Asinar’ and ‘Caner II’, opened flowers were collected (bisexual and funcional male) and positions on the branch (single, lateral and terminal) were recorded. All bisexual flowers were assessed for their characteristics (ovary width, base to sepal notch length, total pistil length, stigma + style length and stigma diameter). Flowering of the cultivars ‘Asinar’ and ‘Caner II’ occurred 35 and 45 days after bud break, respectively. About 61.5% and 73.3% of the flowers were single, followed by 31% and 22% laterals in the cultivars, respectively. Bisexual flowers were 21% in ‘Asinar’ and 14% in ‘Caner II’. In each cultivar heterostyly is quite common. Flowers had varying length of the style. Flower size parameters such as ovary width (25 mm), base to sepal notch length (16 mm) and total pistil length (30 mm) of cultivars were approximately similar, except for stigma + style length and stigma diameter.

Key words: Punica granatum, floral morphology, bisexual, functional male, heterostyly