Title: IN VITRO CONSERVATION OF APPLE CULTIVAR ‘GALA MUST®’

Authors: Đurđina Ružić, Tatjana Vujović, Radosav Cerović

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Abstract: The paper presents results of the application of ‘Cold storage’ (CS), a very simple in vitro technique for preservation/conservation of cultures at +5 °C in total darkness. Upon the establishment of aseptic culture, the studied genotype was propagated in vitro on MS medium supplemented with different concentration of plant growth regulators such as BA (0.5, 1 and 2 mg l-1), TDZ (0.2 and 1 mg l-1), IBA (0.1 mg l-1), GA3 (0.1 and 0.5 mg l-1), but also with PG (124 mg l-1) and double phase medium. During CS, in vitro shoots were maintained under described conditions for 3, 6 and 9 months. Seven days after their respective period of time, the shoots were examined for viability for further propagation, together with their multiplication index and length of axial and lateral shoots. Three months after CS, shoots showed high shoot viability (31-68%), which however declined considerably after 6 and 9 months. The transfer of cultures from the cold chamber to standard growth conditions led to prompt development and greening of leaves of shoots which regained morphology and capacity for multiplication and rooting. The monitored multiplication index increased toward the third subculture and the shoots rooted successfully, between 66.8-80%.

Key words: apple, in vitro conservation, ‘Cold storage’, micropropagation

Title: BIOLOGICAL AND POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW PLUM (Prunus domestica L.) GENOTYPES DEVELOPED AT FRUIT RESEARCH INSTITUTE, ČAČAK

Authors: Ivana Glišić, Dragan Milatović, Nebojša Milošević, Milena Đorđević, Milan Lukić

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Abstract: The paper presents results of three year (2009-2011) comparative study of the most important phenological (time of flowering and ripening) and pomological (fruit weight and soluble solids content) properties, vigor (trunk cross sectional area) and productivity parameters (yield per tree and yield efficiency) in six new plum genotypes developed at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak (hybrids 38/62/70, IV/63/81, 32/21/87, 34/41/87 and 22/17/87 and cultivar ‘Nada’). Flowering time was medium in the hybrids 38/62/70, 32/21/87, 34/41/87 and 22/17/87, late in hybrid IV/63/81 and very late in cultivar ‘Nada’. The hybrids 38/62/70 and IV/63/81 were classified as early ripening, hybrid 32/21/87 ripened mid-season, and cultivar ‘Nada’, as well as hybrids 34/41/87 and 22/17/87 had late ripening time. Compared to the control cultivar ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, the vigor was lower in hybrid IV/63/81 and cultivar ‘Nada’. The highest yield was obtained in hybrid 22/17/87. Fruits of hybrids IV/63/81, 32/21/87, 34/41/87 and 22/17/87 were medium to large in size, and those of hybrid 38/62/70 and cultivar ‘Nada’ were large. The soluble solids content was positively correlated with ripening time of studied plum genotypes.

Key words: plum (Prunus domestica L.), flowering time, ripening time, vigor, productivity, fruit

Title: PHENOLOGICAL AND POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPANESE PLUM (Prunus salicina Lindl.) CULTIVARS IN THE REGION OF BELGRADE

Authors: Dragan Milatović, Dejan Đurović, Gordan Zec

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Abstract: Phenological and pomological characteristics of 11 cultivars of Japanese plum were studied in the region of Belgrade during the five-year period (2011-2015). Flowering time was at the end of March and the first half of April. The earliest beginning of flowering was recorded in the cultivar ‘Santa Rosa’, and the latest in the cultivar ‘Autumn Giant’. The average time of maturity ranged from 27 June (‘Morettini 355’) to 8 September (‘Autumn Giant’). The highest scores for productivity were obtained by cultivars ‘Morettini 355’, ‘Burbank’, ‘T.C. Sun’ and ‘Angeleno’. Most of the tested cultivars had a very large fruit with an average weight over 60 g. All studied cultivars had a small stone, whose weight ranged from 1.01 to 2.24 g, and its share in the total fruit weight was 1.2-3.4%. Soluble solids content ranged from 10.9% (‘Strival’) to 17.5% (‘T.C. Sun’), and the acid content from 1.01% (‘T.C. Sun’) to 2.46% (‘Morettini 355’). Cultivars ‘Early Angeleno’, ‘Blackamber’ and ‘Angeleno’ had the highest scores for fruit appearance. According to taste, the cultivar ‘T.C. Sun’ singled out. Based on the results obtained, the early cultivar ‘Early Angeleno’, the medium early cultivar ‘Blackamber’, and late cultivars ‘Angeleno’, ‘T.C. Sun’ and ‘Golden Plum‘ can be recommended for growing in the Belgrade area.

Key words: Prunus salicina, time of flowering, time of maturation, productivity, fruit quality

Title: CULTIVAR COMPOSITION AND FRUIT QUALITY OF INTRODUCED SWEET CHERRY (Prunus avium L.) CULTIVARS

Authors: Sanja Radičević, Slađana Marić, Radosav Cerović, Nebojša Milošević, Olga Mitrović

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Abstract: The paper presents results of investigations into phenological properties and fruit quality of 13 introduced sweet cherry cultivars: ‘Burlat’, ‘Carmen’, ‘Celeste’, ‘Early Lory’, ‘Germersdorfer’, ‘Karina’, ‘Kordia’, ‘Lapins’, ‘Merchant’, ‘Regina’, ‘Starkrimson’, ‘Summit’, and ‘Vera’. Based on the S-allelic constitution and multi-year sufficient overlapping in full bloom in West Serbia condition, we offered a recommendation for effective pollination/fertilization in commercial orchards. Regarding the ripening time, the assessed cultivars belong to the second (‘Early Lory’, ‘Burlat’), third (‘Celeste’, ‘Merchant’, ‘Carmen’, ‘Vera’), fourth (‘Summit’), fifth (‘Germersdorfer’, ‘Kordia’, ‘Lapins’, ‘Karina’) and sixth (‘Regina’) week of the sweet cherry ripening season. Owing to the exceptional potential for fruit size, the parameters of biochemical composition of fruits (soluble solid, total sugar and total acid content) and their favorable ratio, ‘Carmen’, ‘Summit’, ‘Kordia’ and ‘Regina’ can be singled out as cultivars of excellent quality.

Key words: sweet cherry, cultivar, S-allelic constitution, phenological properties, fruit quality

Title: EFFECT OF GREY HAIL PROTECTION NET ON VEGETATIVE AND GENERATIVE POTENTIAL OF ‘BLUECROP’ HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

Authors: Jasminka Milivojević, Dragan Radivojević, Mirjana Ruml, Mihailo Nikolić, Suzana Urošević

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Abstract: In this work potential effects of the modified microclimate under grey colored hail protection net (HPN) on parameters of vegetative potential (bush height, width and volume, as well as number of canes per bush) and generative potential (number of flowers and fruits per bush, fruit set percentage, fruit weight and yield per bush) of ‘Bluecrop’ highbush blueberry were investigated. The study was conducted over two consecutive years (2013, 2014) at commercial orchard located in Mladenovac (Republic of Serbia). The orchard was established using three-year-old nursery trees in spring 2011, with planting density of 3.300 bushes per ha. The grey polyethylene net (SILVERLUX®, Helios Group, Lurano, Italy) with weight of 48 g/m2 and mesh size of 2.8 × 8 mm was used. During the research period, intensity of solar radiation was measured once a week at 12.00 using digital lux-meter ‘Peak teck’ PT-5025 (Germany). Air temperature and relative humidity were recorded in both years using climate dataloggers (type DT-171, Shenzhen Flus Technology Co., Ltd, China) installed under HPN and outside (control treatment), during the period from beginning of flowering to end of ripening. In both years of observation, incident light was reduced by 5-20% under HPN. Daily maximum temperature was 2.4 °C lower in the bushes under HPN causing 4% higher daily minimum relative air humidity than in an outside environment. Bushes of ‘Bluecrop’ had significantly higher average volume (1.49 m3) under HPN in 2014, whereas number of flowers and fruits per bush differed significantly between the treatments in both experimental years. The obtained yield per bush was 42% higher under HPN in 2013 (2.9 kg), i.e. 22% higher in 2014 (4.76 kg) compared to those obtained in the open field.

Key words: light intensity, air temperature, relative humidity, bush volume, number of flowers, yield per bush

Micropropagation of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) ‘Toro’ cultivar

Authors: Maria Georgieva, Violeta Kondakova, Svetla Yancheva

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Abstract: The propagation of small fruits in the Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture (RIMSA) Troyan is traditional. Biotechnical approaches to accelerate the propagation process in cultivar ‘Toro’ (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) were applied at the tissue culture laboratory in RIMSA during 2015. The surface sterilization procedure of explants involved exposure to 70% ethanol (30 sec.), 3 minute-soacking in 0.1% mercuric dichloride and triple rinsing with sterile, distilled water. Axillary buds from highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) ‘Toro’ cultivar were introduced at in vitro culture. The plants were multiplied into basal medium WPM containing 3 mg 1-1 zeatin and 2 mg l-1 2iP, pH 4.2. The highest propagation potential was registered at the fifth subculture (6.73 units), and the greatest length of shoots was registered in the sixth subculture of the subcultivation (2 cm). Shoots were rooted on ½ WPM, enriched by 1 mg 1-1 IAA, pH 4.2. The percentage of rooting was low (10%), but the rooted plants were viable and with a very good physiological state. This result confirms the need for future research related to improving the rooting efficiency.

Key words: Vaccinium corymbosum, in vitro, multiplication, rooting