Title: ‘JULIJANA’ NEW PEAR CULTIVAR DEVELOPED AT FRUIT RESEARCH INSTITUTE IN ČAČAK
Authors: Žaklina Karaklajić-Stajić, Ivana S. Glišić, Slađana Marić, Milan Lukić, Olga Mitrović
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Abstract: The paper presents results of the two years’ study (2012-2013) of the phenophase of flowering and ripening, as well as the pomological characteristics (morphometric, biochemical and organoleptic) and the productivity of the newly-recognised pear cultivar ‘Julijana’ (‘Butira Precoce Morettini’ ‘Junsko Zlato’) and the standard ‘Junsko Zlato’ cultivar. The ripening time of the ‘Julijana’ is early July, i.e. on average five days after the ripening time of the ‘Junsko Zlato’. The fruit is of a regular pear shape, of a medium size (average mass 87 g; length and width 77 mm and 66 mm, respectively). The skin is thin, smooth, shiny, of the green basic colour, with a covering of bright red on the sunny side. The flesh is creamy white, small-grained, juicy and of sweet and harmonious flavour, and discrete aroma. Examination of the biochemical composition of the fruit (soluble solids content 11.42%; total sugars and acids content 8.17% and 0.13%, respectively) indicates a significantly higher fruit quality in comparison with the standard cultivar. Considering the early ripening time, the attractive appearance and the fruit quality, the ‘Julijana’ is recommended for commercial farming and production of fruits for fresh consumption.
Key words: pear, new cultivar, pomological characteristics
Title: YIELD PARAMETERS AND MORE IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF FRUIT IN NEW PLUM CULTIVARS ‘MILDORA’ AND ‘KRINA’ IN RELATION TO THE PLANTING DENSITY
Authors: Rade Miletić, Svetlana M. Paunović, Jelena Tomić, Mira Milinković
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Abstract: The research was conducted in the period between 2008 and 2013, at the Zdravljak facility of the Fruit Research Institute in Čačak. The trial included newer plum cultivars grown for processing purposes, Krina and ‘Mildora’. The studied cultivars were cultivated in five dense planting treatments: Treatment I 4.0 x 1.0 m (2,500 trees/ha); Treatment II 4.0 x 1.5 m (1,666.6 trees/ha); Treatment III 4.0 x 2.0 m (1,250 trees/ha); Treatment IV 5.0 x 3.0 m (666.6 trees/ha) and Treatment V 5.0 x 4.0 m (500 trees/ha). The study included the parameters of yield as well as more important fruit characteristics. The highest yield in the tested cultivars (average and cumulative per unit of area and m2), as well as yield coefficient were recorded in Treatment I, whereas the lowest values of these parameters were in Treatment V. The alternative yield index was the highest in the control treatment, whereas its lowest values were recorded in the dense planting formations. Significant differences in the examined cultivars occurring as a result of the cultivation treatment were also determined in the characteristics of the fruit, stone and the content of the soluble solids in the mesocarp.
Key words: plum, cultivar, ‘Midora’, ‘Krina’, planting density, yield parameters, fruit
Title: PARAMETERS OF YIELD IN STANDARD PLUM CULTIVARS IN RELATION TO PLATNING DENSITY IN THE REGION OF CENTRAL SERBIA
Authors: Rade Miletić, Svetlana M. Paunović, Jelena Tomić, Mira Milinković
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Abstract: The paper presents yields per tree and unit of area, the yield coefficient and the alternative yield coefficient in standard plum cultivars ‘Čačanska Rana’, ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, ‘Čačanska Najbolja’, ‘Čačanska Rodna’, ‘Stanley’ that represent the base of the production plantations in Serbia. The research was conducted in the period between 2008 and 2013, at the Fruit Research Institute in Čačak. In general, the planting treatment induced the highest yield per tree in the ‘Stanley’ (16.6-55.1 kg) and ‘Čačanska Rodna’ (16.4-50.8 kg) cultivars, followed by ‘Čačanska Najbolja’ (17.4-42.6 kg) and ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ (16.8-38.4 kg), whereas the lowest yield was recorded in the ‘Čačanska Rana’ cultivar (14.1-28.1 kg). The average yields per unit of area were the highest in the ‘Čačanska Najbolja’ (6.80-25.33 t/ha) and ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ (6.43-23.64 t/ha) cultivars, followed by the ‘Stanley’ (7.84-22.21 t/ha) and ‘Čačanska Rodna’ (7.32-21.62 t/ha) cultivars, whereas the lowest yield per unit of area was recorded in the ‘Čačanska Rana’ cultivar (4.58-18.25 t/ha).
Key words: plum, standard cultivars, planting density, yield parameters
Title: FUNCTIONALITY OF EMBRYO SACS AS RELATED TO THEIR VITALITY AND FERTILIZATION SUCCESS IN ‘ASENOVA RANA’ SWEET CHERRY
Authors: Radosav Cerović, Sanja Radičević, Đurđina Ružić, Milena Đorđević, Tatjana Vujović
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Abstract: Functionality of embryo sacs in ‘Asenova Rana’ sweet cherry was examined in relation to their vitality and fertilization success rate, in the field conditions, during the period of full bloom conclusive with 21st day. The research was performed over a period of two years. The number of functional embryo sacs (8-, 5and 4-nucleate) was insignificantly higher in the first year. As regards the number of the embryo sacs with the embryo, approximately the same values in both years were recorded, and reached the maximum between 10th and 14th day from the begining of full-bloom phenophase. The air temperature conditions during the ten days after the begining of full bloom were with no significant fluctuations, and made no impact neither on the embryo sacs longevity, nor on the number of the embryo sacs with the embryo, in the open pollination condition. Functionality of embryo sacs, i.e. their vitality, was in a reverse proportion to the number of the embryo sacs with the embryo, i.e. fertilization success.
Key words: sweet cherry, embrio sac, vitality, embrio, fertilization
Title: THE EFFECTS OF CYTOKININ TYPES AND THEIR CONCENTRATION ON IN VITRO MULTIPLICATION OF SWEET CHERRY ROOTSTOCK GISELA 5
Authors: Đurđina Ružić, Tatjana Vujović, Radosav Cerović, Dragana Vranić
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Abstract: The most important aspect of successful micropropagation. among other in vitro factors, is to use the optimal types and concentrations of plant growth regulators. With the aim of optimization of in vitro multiplication of cherry rootstock Gisela 5 the effect of different cytokinins have been studied: benzyladenine (BA), isopentenyl adenine (2iP), kinetin (KIN) and thidiazuron (TDZ) at concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 1, 2 and 3 mg l-1, singly and combined with auxine, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg l-1. Murashige and Skoog (1962) was the basic medium used in all combinations. The following multiplication parameters were monitored: multiplication index, length of axial and lateral shoots. Fresh and dry shoot weight (callus and shoots axial and lateral stem with leaves) was also determined. Some specific issues, such as colour, leaf and callus size, incidence of chlorosis or necrosis along with occurence of rhyzogenesis, were also monitored. The highest multiplication index was obtained on medium with 2 and 3 mg l-1 BA, hovewer the highest length of axial and lateral shoots was obtained on media with 0.4 mg l-1 BA. Generally, very poor multiplication was achieved on media with 2iP, KIN and TDZ whereas in many utilized combinations with 2iP and KIN, and particularly in those with KIN rhyzogenesis was induced. Obtained results suggest that the choice of cytokinins for the phase of multiplication (in regard to all monitored parameters) of cherry rootstock Gisela 5 is limited to BA. However, for more rapid micropropagation, through joining rooting and multiplication phases, KIN may be applied. For obtainment of robust shoots (in elongation phase, prior to rooting) KIN and 2iP may also be used.
Key words: cytokinins, cherry rootstock, in vitro multiplication, root induction
Title: FORMING SWEET CHERRY TRAINING SYSTEM BY NOTCHING AND APPLICATION OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
Authors: Marko Dorić, Nenad Magazin, Zoran Keserović, Biserka Milić, Maja Miodragović, Vladislav Ognjanov
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Abstract: Proper distribution of lateral branches along the cherry tree central leader is often an issue in high density planting systems. Sweet cherry trees are characterized by strong apical control, which prevents lateral buds from forming shoots. In the present research for overcoming apical control following treatments were applied: notching, BA, BA + GA4+7, notching + BA and notching + BA + GA4+7. The trial was set up on two locations with cultivars: ‘’ ‘Kordia’, ‘Lapins’ and ‘Regina’ grafted on Colt and Gisela 5 rootstocks (Rimski Šančevi location) and ‘Ferrovia’, ‘Kordia’ and ‘Regina’ cultivars grafted on Gisela 5 rootstock (Karavukovo location). Cultivar, rootstock and treatments by notching and BA or notching and BA + GA4+7 have significant influence on lateral branching of central leader, but also on branches length, branching angle, trees height and diameter. Regarding treatments, highest number of branches was found with trees treated both by notching and BA + GA4+7.
Key words: sweet cherry, training system, branching, benzyladenine, gibberellins 4+7
Title: PROFILE AND CONTENT OF INDIVIDUAL PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN RASPBERRY FRUIT (Rubus idaeus L.) AFFECTED BY PROHEXADIONE-Ca AND YOUNG CANES REMOVAL TREATMENT
Authors: Jasminka Milivojević, Milena Poledica, Dragan Radivojević, Mihailo Nikolić
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Abstract: The research was designed to evaluate the effect of growth regulator Prohexadione-Ca (ProCa) and young canes removal on the profile and content of individual phenolic compounds contained in the fruit of raspberry cultivar ‘Willamette’(Rubus idaeus L.). Studies were conducted in the period of 2010-2011 in a commercial raspberry plantation located in Tolisavac village near Krupanj. The experimental design was completely randomized and examined the influence six treatments, as follows: control no treatment; 2ProCa – with 2 ProCa applications; R one removal of young canes; R + 2ProCa young cane removal with 2 ProCa applications; 2R two removals of young canes; 2ProCa + 2GA3 with 2 ProCa applications, and subsequently with gibberellic acid. The first series of young canes were removed for the first time in midApril and for the second time at the beginning of May. In 2ProCa, Z + 2ProCa and 2ProCa + 2GA3 treatments foliar application of ProCa was carried out twice during the period of April-May in three weeks interval, i.e. when the primocane growth reached 30 cm in height. The following concentrations of ProCa: 125 ppm (first application) and 200 ppm (second application) were applied. The application of gibberellic acid (GA3) was carried out two times shortly after application of Prohexadione-Ca in a concentration of 250 ppm. The most prominent flavonols were quercetin glycosides, whereas cyanidin-3-sophoroside and cyanidin-3-glucoside were predominant anthocyanins detected in raspberry fruit. A very high content of free ellagic acid and its derivate galolil-bis-HHDP-glucose were also detected. Removal of young canes combined with two ProCa applications expressed a positive influence on increasing of quercetin-dihexoside, quercetin-3-vicianoside, quercetin-3-galactoside and free ellagic acid content, as well as anthocyanin’s content (cyanidin-3-sophoroside and cyanidin-3-glucoside) in the fruit of ‘Willamette’ raspberry.
Key words: raspberry, ‘Willamette’, chemical growth regulator, pruning, anthocyanins, flavonols, phenolic acids
Title: IMPACT OF CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESH PLUM FRUITS ON DRYING TIME IN ‘STANLEY’ AND ‘ČAČANSKA LEPOTICA’ CULTIVARS
Authors: Olga Mitrović, Branislav Zlatković, Miodrag Kandić, Branko Popović, Aleksandar Leposavić
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Abstract: Special attention is paid worldwide to the quality of dried fruit. This requires standardised quality of the raw material and optimum drying conditions. The mass of the fruit and dry matter contents represent the most significant technological characteristics of the fresh plum fruit as the base raw material, determining to the highest degree a cultivar’s suitability for drying. The paper presents the results of testing the drying quality of fruits of the ‘Stanley’ and ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ cultivars, in the experimental dryer, at the air temperature of 90 °C. Based on the five years’ research, it was established that the drying process of the ‘Stanley’ cultivar fruits containing 19% total dry mater and falling within the mass range of 33-45 g is completed within 10-10.5 hours, while the ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ fruits containing 15% total dry matter and with the mass range of 33-45 g also takes 10-10.5 hours. The dipping procedure shortens the drying time. The drying time was shortened by 10% and 5% in the ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ and the ‘Stanley’ cultivar, respectively. The dipped plum fruits of the ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ cultivar recorded a shorter drying time than the ‘Stanley’ cultivar fruits having the same mass and the same contents of the total dry matter.
Key words: plum, cultivar, dry matter, fruit mass, drying time