Title: THE INFLUENCE OF SLOPE PLANTING TREES AND MODIFICATIONS TO GROWING FORM ON PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTIES OF APPLE CULTIVARS

Authors: Todor Vulić, Milovan Veličković, Boban Đorđević, Dejan Đurović, Čedo Oparnica

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Abstract: This study examines influence of slope planting apple trees and bending central leader, on generative potential and productivity properties of three cultivars ‘Scarlet Spur’, ‘Galaxy’ and ‘Tentation’, on conditions of Obrenovacka Posavina area (2010-2011). Apple trees of same cultivars in standard slender spindle form are used as control. The study incude number of flower buds per three, number of flowers per three, number of fruits per tree, percentage of fruit set, fruit weight and yield per tree and per hectare. The treatment and control trees did not show statistically significant differences in the generative potential, but all the cultivars achieved best performances in the treatment of slope planting trees with the bent central leader. This result was achieved by increasing tree density per unit area, but due to the modification of the training system. Absolutely the highest average fruit yield in this treatment was recorded in cultivar ‘Tentation’ (81.7 t ha-1).

Key words: slope planting, bending of the central leader, yield per ha, ‘Scarlet Spur’, ‘Galaxy’, ‘Tentation’

Title: PREVENTING RUSSETING ON APPLE ‘GOLDEN DELICIOUS’ BY PHYTOHORMONES

Authors: Marko Dorić, Zoran Keserović, Nenad Magazin, Biserka Milić

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Abstract: In most varieties of apple (Malus x domestica) russeting phenomenon is unfavorable. Russeting reduces fruit attractiveness and thus significantly reduces the value of apple on the market. Treatment with gibberellins is a practical method for preventing the incidence of russeting caused by climate factors. In this paper, during period of two years, the impact and effectivness of products based on GA4+7 (Gerlagib LG) and GA4+7 + BA (Progerbalin LG) on preventing of russeting, on fruit elongation, fruit deformation, fruit weight and potential fruit bearing in ‘Golden Delicious’ Clone B was investigated in certain environmental conditions in north Serbia (place Mala Remeta on Fruška Gora). It was found that Gerlagib and Progerbalin lead to a reduction of russeting, increase fruit elongation, weight and don't have negative influence on potential fruit bearing.

Key words: russeting, ‘Golden Delicious’, fruit characteristics, potential fruit bearing, gibberellins, cytokinins

Title: THE INFLUENCE OF HIGH DENSITY PLANTING ON THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF PEACH AND NECTARINE CULTIVARS

Authors: Gordan Zec, Slavica Čolić, Todor Vulić, Zoran Janković, Boban Đorđević

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Abstract: The influence of three different planting densities on the quality characteristics of peach cultivars ‘Autumn Glo’, ‘Early O’Henry’ and ‘Sunprince’, and nectarine cultivars ‘Stark Redgold’ and ‘Max 7’ were studied. In high density planting, seedlings of vineyard peach were planted at 3.5 x 1 m (2,800 trees ha-1) and grafted a fixed place on 50 cm height. The trees were trained as a Sloping Leader. In standard experimental plot, oneyear old peach trees were planted. Applied training systems were Fusseto (4 x 2 m 1,250 trees ha-1) and Open Vase (4 x 4 m 625 trees ha-1). The following characteristics were studied: physical, organoleptic and chemical properties for three consecutive years. A small row spacing displayed negative influence on peach fruit weight of ‘Early O’Henry’ and ‘Sunprince’ and nectarine ‘Max 7’, while fruits of the cultivars ‘Autumn Glo’ and ‘Stark Redgold’ had identical fruit weight in all row spacings. High-density planting system did not demonstrate negative effects on fruit organoleptic and chemical properties. Obtained results on the influence of high density on fruit weight and attractiveness were pointed out importance of cultivar characteristics. Based on this fact cultivars can be divided into two groups: one are suitable and other that can’t be recommendable for high density plantings. In order to select suitable cultivars for this system, it is necessary to evaluate more cultivars in the same experimental field of high density planting.

Key words: peach, nectarine, high density, fruit quality

Title: peach, nectarine, high density, fruit quality

Authors: Dragan Rahović, Zoran Keserović, Slavica Čolić, Ivana Bakić

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Abstract: The paper presents the results of three years of research (2008-2010) of biological properties of four apricot cultivars from Novi Sad (‘NS-4’, ‘NS-6’, ‘Novosadska Rodna’ and ‘Novosadska Kasnocvetna’) and five apricot selections from Novi Sad (SK-1, SK-3, SK-5, SK-13a and SK-16a). The study was conducted in the collection orchard of the Department of Pomology of the Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad on the site of ‘Rimski Šančevi’. The following features were examined: vigour, flowering, time of maturity, and yield. Biological properties of Novi Sad apricot cultivars and selections were compared with ‘Hungarian Best’ (control) and classified into groups. The Novi Sad apricot cultivars and selections expressed better biological properties than ‘Hungarian Best’. ‘Novosadska Rodna’, ‘NS-4’, ‘NS-6’, ‘Novosadska Kasnocvetna‘ and SK-1 selection stood out for their yields.

Key words: apricot, apricot cultivars and selections, vigor, flowering, maturity, yield

Title: PRODUCTIVITY OF SWEET CHERRY CULTIVARS ON GISELA 5 ROOTSTOCK

Authors: Dragan Milatović, Dejan Đurović, Boban Đorđević, Todor Vulić, Gordan Zec

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Abstract: The paper presents the elements of productivity of sweet cherry cultivars grown in the region of Šabac in the period of four years (2008-2011). We examined 16 relatively new cultivars: ‘Chelan’, ‘Cristalina’, ‘Early Lory’, ‘Early Star’, ‘Glacier’, ‘Kordia’, ‘Noir de Meched’, ‘Penny’, ‘Regina’, ‘Skeena’, ‘Summer Sun’, ‘Summit’, ‘Sunburst’, ‘Sylvia’, ‘Tehranivee’, and ‘Vandalay’. The control cultivar for comparison was ‘Van’. All cultivars are grafted on the Gisela 5 rootstock. Training system is Slender Spindle, and tree spacing is 4 x 1.5 m. Studies have included: number of flowers in an inflorescence, fruit set, fruit weight, yield per tree, and cumulative yield efficiency. The average number of flowers per inflorescence varied from 2.08 in cultivar ‘Skeena’ to 3.17 in cultivar ‘Cristalina’. Fruit set ranged from 23.1% (‘Summit’) to 62.8% (‘Glacier’). Four cultivars had significantly higher fruit set than the control (‘Van’) and they are: ‘Glacier’, ‘Vandalay’, ‘Summer Sun’, and ‘Regina’. Fruit weight was lowest in cultivar ‘Vandalay’ (5.8 g), and highest in cultivar ‘Penny’ (10.2 g). Significantly higher fruit weight than the control had eight cultivars (‘Penny’, ‘Summit’, ‘Cristalina’, ‘Noir de Meched’, ‘Sunburst’, ‘Kordia’, ‘Skeena’, and ‘Sylvia’), while significantly lower fruit weight was found only in one cultivar (‘Vandalay’). The average yield per tree was lowest in cultivar ‘Skeena’ (2.68 kg), and highest in ‘Regina’ (7.38 kg). Significantly higher yield than control cultivar had only ‘Regina’, while lower yield had five cultivars (‘Skeena’, ‘Noir de Meched’, ‘Tehranivee’, ‘Sylvia’, and ‘Summit’). Cumulative yield efficiency varied from 0.23 to 0.66 kg cm-2 of trunk cross-sectional area. This parameter was at the level of control in three cultivars (‘Sunburst’, ‘Glacier’, and ‘Regina’), while in other cultivars it was significantly lower.

Key words: Prunus avium, cultivar, fruit set, fruit weight, yield

Title: INDUCTION OF FEATHERS ON ONE YEAR OLD NURSERY SWEET CHERRY TREES

Authors: Marko Dorić, Zoran Keserović, Aleksandar Kurjakov, Vladislav Ognjanov, Nenad Magazin, Biserka Milić

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Abstract: In comparison with apple, cherry nursery tree production is characterized with difficult differentiation of feather branches. Apical dominance, that restricts development of lateral buds, is emphasized in cherries. Phytohormones, in the first place benzyladenine, play an important role in overcoming the dominance of peak growth, and production of plants with feathers. In this study, following phytohormone treatments were used in production of cherry nursery trees with feathers: the synthetic cytokinin, benzyladenine BA (600 ppm) and gibberellins GA3 and GA4+7 (400 ppm) in combination with benzyladenine (BA). Treatments were used on ‘Linda’, ‘Kordia’, ‘Burlat’, ‘Summit’, ‘Katalin’ and ‘Rita’ varieties, grafted on St. Lucie cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.). As a result of phytohormones application a sufficient number of feathers in varieties ‘Linda’, ‘Burlat’, ‘Summit’ and ‘Kordia’ was obtained.

Key words: sweet cherry, feathers, nursery tree, Prunus mahaleb, benzyladenine, gibberellins

Title: PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RASPBERRY AND BLACKBERRY PROPAGATED BY IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION AND STANDARD TECHNIQUES

Authors: Đurđina Ružić, Aleksandar Leposavić, Radosav Cerović, Žaklina Karaklajić-Stajić, TatjanaVujović, Nemanja Miletić, Edward Žurawicz

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Abstract: The present studies, financed by the project titled EU FP7 KBBE 2010 -4 265942 (The sustainable improvement of European berry production, quality and nutritional value in changing environment: Strawberries, Currants, Blackberries, Blueberries and Raspberries -EUBERRY), were conducted to establish potentials of in vitro micropropagation for massive blackberry and raspberry production, primarily aimed at obtaining healthy, genetically stable and true-to-type planting material. Blackberry ‘Čačanska Bestrna’ and raspberry ‘Meeker’ plants propagated by standard (SP) and in vitro micropropagation (TC) techniques and planted in open field (1.8 acres) were used in the trial. The following parameters were monitored: phenological parameters (leafing onset, flower-cluster development, flowering onset, fool blooming, end of flowering, ripening onset, full ripening, end of ripening, as well as period of fruit ripening and duration of growing period), vegetative potential and yield parameters, including total number of canes, cane number per row meter, yield per cane (kg), yield per row meter (kg), and total yield (kg ha-1). No significant differences were established for the monitored phenological parameters and vegetative potential. However, yield per cane, yield per row meter and total yield differed statistically in favor of blackberry propagated by standard technique, whereas statistical differences were significant only for yield per cane also in favor of SP propagated raspberry plants.

Key words: raspberry, blackberry, micropropagation, physiological properties of ex vitro cultures

Title: Effect of different rootstocks on some phenophases of ‘Hungarian Apricot’ cultivar

Authors: Anton Yordanov, Sava Tabakov, Valentin Lichev, Georgi Govedarov

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Abstract: The study was carried out during the period 2009-2011 in the experimental orchard of Agricultural University in Plovdiv central south Bulgaria. The cultivar ‘Hungarian Apricot’ was tested with the seedling rootstocks Dzanka 4, Aidemirska (both Prunus cerasifera), Zarzala K 1, Hungarian Apricot, X.1.23 (all Prunus armeniaca) and clonal rootstocks Pumi-Select, ‘JO’ (‘St. Julien Orleans’), Ackermann, ‘JA’ (‘St. Julien A’), GF 655/2 and Brompton. The trees were planted in the spring of 2006 and trained as free -growing crowns. It was studied the effect of different rootstocks on the flowering period, ripening period and the end of vegetation. Tested rootstocks showed slight influence on the beginning of flowering. Longer flowering was induced by Hungarian apricot seedling, X.1.23 and Pumi-Select. Ackermann and Brompton rootstocks induced shorter flowering. The earliest fruit ripening was induced by GF 655/2 rootstock, and the latest ripening was recorded after 5-7 days, which was induces when Hungarian apricot seedling was used as rootstock. Weak growing rootstocks induced earlier end of vegetation, while the vigorous rootstocks induced later end of vegetation.

Key words: Prunus armeniaca, rootstocks, flowering