Title: QUALITY EVALUATION OF LEADING AND SUPPLEMENTARY APPLE CULTIVARS

Authors: Ocena kvaliteta plodova vodećih i pratećih sorti jabuke

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Abstract: Apple cultivars are characterized by different quality of fruits what is of crucial importance for consumers when purchasing a particular cultivar. In this paper fruits quality of leading and supplementary apple cultivars were evaluated. Fruit quality is presented through the attractiveness and organoleptic properties of fruit (crispiness, juiciness, mealiness, aroma and taste). Evaluation was conducted at the beginning of October, when the assessors, on a scale of 1 to 9, determined the quality of fruit cultivars ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Red Chief’, ‘Čadel’, ‘Jonagored’, ‘Melrose’, ‘Idared’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Gala’ and selection NS-5. Based on the analysis of fruit characteristics significant differences were found between cultivars. In some cultivars a significant difference between scores for attractiveness and scores for organoleptic caracteristics was found.

Key words: apple, fruits attractiveness, organoleptic properties

Title: Characteristics in inheritance of some traits in the F1 progeny from hybridization of ‘Kyustendilska Sinya Sliva’ with ‘Monfort’ plum

Authors: Ivan Minev, Micho Balev

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Abstract: A hybridological analysis was performed with the fruits of F1 progeny resulting from the cross of ‘Kyustendilska Sinya Sliva’ and ‘Monfort’. Dates of beginning of fruit-bearing and fruit ripening were determined, and fruit and stone weight was measured. In addition, fruit quality was studied. All analyses were performed on hybrid progeny of 143 seedlings. All assessed characteristics were found to vary widely in F1 progeny. This is presumably due to the polyploidy nature and interspecies origin of plum. The first fruit-bearing seedlings were evidenced in the third year, while half the seedlings fruited for the first time in the fifth year. As regards time of fruit ripening in the progeny, the influence of ‘Kyustendilska Sinya Sliva’ was more pronounced. In more than the half hybrids, fruits were harvested in September. Considering fruit size, 2/3 of the F1 hybrids occupied an intermediate position as compared to the parental cultivars, while 1/3 of seedlings had smaller sized fruits than the parents. The fruits of F1 progeny were characterized by high dry matter content. The study of their palatability confirmed a regressive type of inheritance and only 9.78% of plants had a very good taste.

Key words: plum, hybridization, hybrids, inheritance

Title: EVALUATION OF DESSERT PLUM CULTIVARS IN BELGRADE AREA

Authors: Dragan Milatović, Dejan Đurović, Gordan Zec

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Abstract: The assortment of plum cultivars in Serbia is dominated by those intended for processing, while dessert cultivars are relatively under-represented. The proportion of Japanese plum cultivars is especially low. The aim of this study was the evaluation of cultivars of European and Japanese plum in order to choose the best dessert cultivars suitable for growing in the region of Belgrade. Eleven cultivars of European plum (Prunus domestica L.) and five cultivars of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) were evaluated. Tests were carried out in a collection plum orchard at the Experimental Station ‘Radmilovac’ of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade during a three-year period (2008-2010). The orchard was planted in 2004, rootstock is Myrobalan seedling, the training system is free, and tree spacing is 4.5 x 4.5 m. The following traits were studied: time of flowering and maturing, productivity and some important fruit characteristics (physical, chemical, and sensory). On average, Japanese plums were flowering eight days earlier than the European plums, and also had a longer duration and greater abundance of flowering. Of European plums the earliest maturing cultivar was ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ (June 29), and latest one was ‘Anna Späth’ (August 24). Of Japanese plums the earliest maturing cultivar was ‘Sorisso di Primavera’ (June 25), and latest one was ‘Angeleno’ (August 25). Japanese plum cultivars exhibited high productivity, with the exception of ‘Blackamber’, which had moderately high productivity. In the group of European plum cultivars the highest productivity had ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, followed by ‘Bluefre’ and ‘Opal’. Japanese plums had larger fruit and smaller pit in relation to European plums. Highest fruit weight (over 60 g) are found in cultivars of Japanese plum ‘T.C. Sun’, ‘Blackamber’, and ‘Strival’, and also in European plum cultivar ‘Čačanska Rana’. Fruits of European plums had higher content of soluble solids and sugars and lower content of organic acids than the fruits of Japanese plums. Generally, Japanese plum cultivars were characterized by more attractive fruit appearance and European plum cultivars were characterized by better fruit quality. Overall, in the group of European plums the best characteristics were manifested by early cultivar ‘Čačanska Rana’, medium early cultivar ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, and late cultivar ‘President’, while in the group of Japanese plums best characteristics were manifested by late cultivars ‘T.C. Sun’ and ‘Angeleno’.

Key words: Prunus domestica, Prunus salicina, flowering, productivity, fruit quality

Title: AUTOCHTHONOUS PLUM CULTIVARS GROWN IN THE REGION OF GORNJE POLIMLJE

Authors: Vučeta Jaćimović, Djina Božović, Biljana Lazović, Mirjana Adakalić, Stoja Ljutica

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Abstract: Plum is the major fruit species in the area of Gornje Polimlje. ‘Požegača’ and a number of cultivars used for brandy production predominate in the assortment. Over a long period of growing in this region, autochthonous cultivars adapted, and have been achieving satisfactory results, despite poor growing conditions. The aim of this paper is to highlight autochthonous cultivars that deserve to be recommended for largescale cultivation owing to their favourable biological and economic characteristics. The results of a four-year study on ten autochthonous plum cultivars used for brandy making and a clone of ‘Požegača’ originating from the area of Gornje Polimlje are presented in this paper. Fruit weight varies from 6.45 g (‘Plavski piskavac’) to 56.93 g (‘Crvena Durgulja’). As regards stone, fruits of ‘Požegača’ and ‘Crvena Durgulja’ are free, ‘Dronga’ and ‘Mudovalj’ are medium free, whereas fruits of other cultivars investigated are clingstone. Total dry matter in fruits varies from 12.93% (‘Šara’) to 19.95% (‘Požegača’). High content of direct reducing sugars was evidenced in fruits of ‘Zorićka’ (10.82%), ‘Drenovka’ (11.25%) and ‘Dronga‘ (11.22%). Fruits of ‘Komperuša’ and ‘Mudovalj’ are very rich in minerals (0.86% and 0.99% respectively). Early ripening of ‘Crvena Durgulja’ and its appreciable fruit size make it attractive as a dessert cultivar, while fruit quality of ‘Zorićka’, ‘Drenovka’ and ‘Dronga’ recommends these varieties for processing into various products.

Key words: plum, autochthonous cultivars, characteristics, Gornje Polimlje

Title: POMOLOGICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES CULTIVARS OF PLUM IN THE NORTH OF MONTENEGRO

Authors: Djina Božović, Vučeta Jaćimović

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Abstract: This paper presents results of a two-year study on pomo-technical properties of ten plum cultivars grown under agro-environmental conditions of northern Montenegro. The following cultivars were the subject of examination: ‘Čačanska Rana’, ‘California Blue’, ‘Valerija’, ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, ‘Čačanska Najbolja’, ‘Stanley’, ‘Čačanska Rodna’, ‘Valjevka’, ‘Požegača’ and ‘Ana Spät’. The trial involved the study of phonological and morphometric properties of fruit and stone. The content of soluble solids, total sugars and acids, cellulose and mineral matters were measured. The aim of the investigation was to obtain the best performing cultivars to recommend for commercial growing in northern Montenegro. Cultivars grown on sunny slopes yielded fruits of excellent quality. As for early and mid-early cultivars, ‘Čačanska Rana’ and ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ fared best respectively, whereas ‘Stanley’, ‘Čačanska Rodna’ and ‘Valjevka ' were best-performing late cultivars.

Key words: plum, cultivar, properties, northern Montenegro

Title: PRODUCTIVE AND POMO-TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF FRUITS OF PLUM CULTIVARS GROWN UNDER DENSE PLANTING SYSTEM

Authors: Rade Miletić, Jelena Luković, Svetlana M. Paunović, Žaklina Karaklajić-Stajić

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Abstract: The studies were conducted at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak over 2007-2010. The trial included two plum cultivars, i. e. ‘Čačanska Rodna’ and ‘Stanley’. The chosen cultivars were grown under dense planting system in five variants of treatment, i.e. I 4.0 x 1.0 m (2,500 trees/ha); II 4.0 x 1.5 m (1,666.6 trees/ha); III – 4.0 x 2.0 m (1,250 trees/ha); IV 5.0 x 3.0 m (666.6 trees/ha) and V (control) 5.0 x 4.0 m (500 trees/ha). The obtained results in ‘Čačanska Rodna’ did not vary significantly among treatments in respect of size and weight of fruit and stone, flesh ratio, stalk mass and length and soluble solids content. Difference was highly significant in yield per tree and unit land area, as well as in cumulative yields. The highest yield per tree and unit land area (4.59 kg and 11.5 t, respectively) as well as the highest cumulative yields (13.8 kg and 34.4 t, respectively) were recorded in the variant 4.0 x 1.0 m (2,500 trees/ha). Yield per tree and unit land area (2.76 kg and 1,48 t, respectively) and cumulative yields (5,9 kg and 2,96 t, respectively) were lowest in the control variant 5,0 x 4,0 m (500 trees/ha). In ‘Stanley’, major variation was observed in size of fruit and stone, flesh ratio, stalk mass and soluble solids content. Highly significant difference was recorded in fruit weight, yield per tree and unit land area as well as in cumulative yields. The highest yield per tree and unit land area, as well as the highest cumulative yields (8.04 kg, 7.56 t and 18.1 kg, 22.7 t, respectively) were observed at spacing 4.0 x 2.0 m (1,250 trees/ha), whereas these were the lowest (433 kg, 2.89 t and 13.0 kg, 8.66 t, respectively) at a spacing of 5,0 x 3,0 m (666,6 trees/ha).

Key words: plum, cultivar, planting density, fruit properties, yield

Title: MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LOW VIGOUR PRUNUS MAHALEB L. SELECTIONS

Authors: Morfološke osobine slabo bujnih selekcija magrive (Prunus mahaleb L.)

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Abstract: The paper presents the first stage in selection of low vigour mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb L.) rootstocks. Mahaleb genotypes were selected from the territory of Vojvodina (Serbia) on the basis of tree vigour and health condition, and kept in nursery ‘Agrar Dijamant’ in Zrenjanin. In 2003, the seeds were collected from seven genotypes and sown in the Experimental field in Rimski Šančevi. One seedling of the average height from each population was vegetatively propagated by grafting on standard mahaleb rootstock. Seven mahaleb genotypes were obtained as the material for further research. Two of these genotypes, G4 and G6, were up to 40% less vigorous than the standard mahaleb rootstock, thus might be used as the low vigour vegetative rootstocks or interstocks for cherries. They have large branching angle of more than 60º, small fruits and stones. The further research would include assessment of seedlings derived from open pollination or inbreeding of selected genotypes as well as grafted cultivar testing.

Key words: mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) genotypes, seedlings, rootstocks