Title: Filina a new early peach cultivar

Authors: Argir Zhivondov

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Abstract: The new ‘Filina’ cultivar is the first one established within the frame of the new breeding programme aimed at improving peach growing in Bulgaria. It was developed at the Fruit-Growing Institute, Plovdiv in 1991 from the cross of ‘July Lady’ x ‘Maycrest’, and it was named and released in 2008. It is a very early cultivar ripening towards the end of June, 3 to 4 days after ‘Maycrest’. Fruits are very large 69.5 x 73.0 x 68.1 mm, the average fruit weight being 181 g. Skin is very dark red, covered with fine pubescence. Flesh is homogeneous, fine-textured, yellow, sweet, very juicy and of very good flavour. In respect of fruit weight, ‘Filina’ significantly exceeds standard cv ‘Maycrest’. The major advantage of the cultivar is highly favourable sensory characteristics, which makes it especially suitable for fresh consumption. The aim of the study was to perform pomological and economic evaluation of the newly developed peach cultivar ‘Filina’.

Key words: Prunus persica, breeding, new cultivar

Title: POMOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SWEET CHERRY CULTIVARS IN THE REGION OF BELGRADE

Authors: Dragan Milatović, Dejan Đurović

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Abstract: Pomological properties of twelve sweet cherry cultivars of different maturing time were studied at the Experimental Station „Radmilovac“ of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade during the five-year period (2005-2009). The aim of this study was choosing of the best cultivars for commercial growing. The average harvest time was from May 12 to June 18. High productivity was obtained in cultivars ‘Van’, ‘Early Van Compact’, ‘Lapins’, ‘Stella’, ‘Bing’ and ‘Drogan’s Yellow’, while low productivity was obtained in ‘Merchant’, ‘Summit’ and ‘Burlat’. The largest fruits had cultivar ‘Vega’ (9.2 g), and the smallest one ‘Primavera’ (4.0 g). Soluble solids content ranged from 12.7% (‘Primavera’) to 18.2% (‘Drogan’s Yellow’) and it was correlated with the time of maturation. The highest organoleptic scores for fruit quality got cultivars ‘Bing’ and ‘Summit’. Among early season cultivars the best results showed ‘Burlat’ and ‘Souvenir des Charmes’ (‘Bigarreau Moro’), among mid season cultivars ‘Van’, ‘Summit’ and ‘Vega’, and among late season cultivars ‘Bing’ and ‘Lapins’.

Key words: sweet cherry, cultivar, time of maturing, productivity, fruit properties

Title: Gergana the first Bulgarian nectarine cultivar

Authors: Argir Zhivondov

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Abstract: Gergana cultivar was developed at Fruit-Growing Institute in Plovdiv in 1992, and it resulted from the cross of ‘Golden Grand’ x ‘Aurelio Grand’. At present the cultivar is undergoing the cultivar release procedure. It ripens early 25 days before ‘Independence’ and 10 days after ‘Aurelio Grand’. Fruits are large 122.45 g, exceeding in weight those of ‘Aurelio Grand’ by approximately 20 g. Fruit skin is thin, crispy, semi-free, intense red all over the surface. Flesh is yellow, fine textured, juicy, of pleasant sweet-acid flavour. ‘Gergana’ is practically the first Bulgarian nectarine cultivar since no other nectarine cultivar has been registered in Bulgaria. The aim of the present study was to perform pomological and economic evaluation of this cultivar.

Key words: Prunus persica var. nectarina, breeding, new cultivar

Title: ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL OF NECTARINE CULTIVARS

Authors: Dragan Milatović, Dragan Nikolić, Dejan Đurović

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Abstract: In 15 nectarine cultivars during a three-year period the following properties were studied: flower density, i.e. number of flowers per 1 m length of 1-year old shoot, initial and final fruit set by open pollination, and yield per 1 m length of shoot. For these properties heritability and correlation coefficients were also calculated. Statistically significant differences among cultivars were found for all the studied properties. Highest density of flowers was found in cultivars ‘Pegaso’ and ‘Hardired’, and the lowest in cultivar ‘Cassiopea’. Studied cultivars were characterized by high fruit set by open pollination: initial fruit set was 50-78%, and final fruit set 18-46%. Yield per 1 m length of 1-year old shoot was the lowest in cultivars ‘Armking’ and ‘Flamekist’ (0.7 kg), and the highest in cultivar ‘Pegaso’ (2.2 kg). The coefficient of variability was the lowest for the initial fruit set and flower density, then for the final fruit set, while it was the highest for yield. The relatively high value of heritability was established only for the flower density (h2 = 88%). Significant correlation coefficients were found between the initial and final fruit set (r = 0.29), flower density and yield (r = 0.62), as well as between final fruit set and yield (r = 0.66). In areas with higher risk of freeze damage, the cultivars characterized by higher flower density and fruit set should be grown, because they can provide high and regular yielding. At the same time, to achieve good fruit quality these cultivars require more intensive pruning and fruit thinning.

Key words: nectarine, flower density, fruit set, yield, heritability, correlations

Title: POMOLOGICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF RED CURRANT CULTIVARS (RIBES RUBRUM L.)

Authors: Jasminka Milivojević, Mihailo Nikolić, Jelena Bogdanović Pristov, Vuk Maksimović

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Abstract: Three red currant cultivars (‘Heinemanns Rote Spatlese’, ‘Rondom’ and ‘Red Versailles’) were assayed for pomological and antioxidant properties in the period of 2004-2006. It was found out that cv ‘Rondom’ was superior with regard to physical properties of bunch and fruit, whereas cv ‘Heinemanns Rote Spatlese’ expressed significantly lower values for these traits. However, the best chemical fruit composition was obtained by cv ‘Heinemanns Rote Spatlese’. Regarding the content of some individual phenolic compounds (kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, and ellagic acid) as well as the total phenolics, great variability was observed among the studied cultivars. Total phenolics expressed the highest value in cv ‘Heinemanns Rote Spatlese’ (1,70 mg GA g-1), and consequently the highest level of antioxidant capacity was recorded in this cultivar (2,13 mg ask g-1). The significant linear correlation observed between total phenolics and antioxidant capacity in cvs ‘Heinemanns Rote Spatlese’ (r = 0,71) and Rondom (r = 0,80) indicates that phenolic compounds had significant contribution in expressed antioxidant activities. No significant correlation was only observed in cv ‘Red Versailles’, which points to the fact that some another compounds might contribute to an overall antioxidant capacity.

Key words: red currant, cultivar, fruit quality, antioxidant capacity

Title: SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SWEET CHERRY CULTIVARS TO RAIN INDUCED FRUIT CRACKING

Authors: Dragan Milatović, Dejan Đurović

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Abstract: Susceptibility of 17 sweet cherry cultivars to rain induced fruit cracking was studied in the Belgrade region during a three-year period (2008-2010). Testing of fruit cracking was done using cracking index by Christensen. In the cultivars tested were found significant differences in cracking index, fruit weight and soluble solids content. The highest susceptibility to rain induced fruit cracking showed cultivars ‘Bigarreau Jaboulay’, ‘Primavera’, ‘Bing’ and ‘Merchant’, while the least sensitive cultivars were ‘Sue’ and ‘Čarna’. Based on the cracking index, cherry cultivars were classified into four groups: low susceptible (<10), moderately susceptible (10-30), susceptible (30-50) and highly susceptible (> 50). Most cultivars (11) were susceptible and highly susceptible to fruit cracking. Correlations between cracking index, fruit weight, and soluble solids contents were low among different varieties, but very strong among different harvest terms

Key words: Prunus avium L., cracking index, fruit weight, soluble solids, harvest term

Title: CALLUS FORMATION AS AFFECTED BY AIR TEMPERATURE UNDER DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF WALNUT STRATIFICATION

Authors: Svetlana M. Paunović, Milisav Mitrović, Rade Miletić

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Abstract: In this paper the effect of different stratification variants on callus formation onset in five walnut cultivars and selections (‘Šeinovo’, ‘Ovčar’, ‘Elit’, G-139 and G-286) was studied. In all variants of stratification, temperatures 28-29 °C during 2004 initiated earlier onset of callus formation as compared to those 2003 (26-28 °C). Callusing was first observed in the variant that included dipping the scion and union into paraffin with the stratification in the sawdust up to the union and covering with polyethylene foil. Callusing was then observed in the variant that included dipping the scion and union into paraffin, with the stratification in the sawdust up to the scion top. Callusing was observed latest in the variant without paraffin by complete covering with coniferous sawdust. Classified by cultivars and selections, callus formation was first observed in ‘Šeinovo’ and selections ‘Ovčar’ and ‘G-286’, whereas it was only later recorded in selections ‘G139’ and ‘Elit’.

Key words: walnut, cultivar and selection, grafting, stratification, callus