Title: OBJECTIVES, METHODS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN FRUIT AND GRAPE BREEDING

Authors: Dragan Nikolić, Vladislav Ognjanov, Nada Korać, Vera Rakonjac

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Abstract: The most important objectives, methods and accomplishments in fruit and grape breeding are showed in this study. Yield, quality and resistance to plant diseases and pests are underlined among numerous breeding aims. Besides, review of specific targets was also listed. The most conventional and new biotechnological breeding methods were described. A lot of accessory methods, which in combination with the conventional ones are contributing faster achievement of set goals, are also mentioned. Accomplishments of many breeding programs showed that planned work contributed creating numerous important cultivars and rootstocks in all fruit and grapevine species. Those cultivars are pushing out the standard ones and replacing them in new plantations. All of this is showing that breeding work throughout the world and in our country should go on, while only new cultivars and rootstocks with high genetic potential can provide, with certain conditions, high income in fruit production and viticulture.

Key words: fruits, grapevine, germplasm, breeding, objectives, methods, results.

Title: Raspberry breeding intercultivar hybridization

Authors: Rayna Boycheva, Stancho Hristov, Teodora Stoyanova, Ivan Minev

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Abstract: Since 1950 till now in the Experimental Station of Small-fruit Crops in the town of Kostinbrod and the Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, town of Troyan a rich gene pool of raspberry has been created. The obtained genetic diversity allowed selection of elites and candidate cultivars possessing valuable economic qualities. Main methods applied in this work were: combining breeding including inbreeding and intraspecific hybridization. Many elites were chosen during the conducted selection. Shopska Alena, Samodiva, Iskra, No.13303, No.143 (Stolichnaya), No.150 (Taganka), Kokinskaya, Solnishko, Gradina, Podgorina, Norna, Nootka had the greatest combining ability. Donors of large-fruited character were determined. Among them Mirage, Maroseyka, Aborigen, Stolichnaya, Taganka and Malling Delight had the highest breeding value.

Key words: raspberry, breeding, cultivars, elites, hybridization.

Title: Vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plum cultivar Tegera in the conditions of Central Balkan Mountains

Authors: Boryana Stefanova, Hristina Dinkova, Kalin Dragoyski

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Abstract: The plum cultivar Tegera was imported to Bulgaria in 2001 under the programme for production of certified planting material implemented by the Bulgarian-German Project FAMAD. The interest for it was dictated above all by its high-quality fruits, early time of ripening, satisfactory tolerance to Plume pox virus. The study was conducted during the 2003-2007 period in IMSA Troyan. The trees of cv Tegera were grafted on rootstocks SJ A, Fereley and Myrobalan. Growth and reproductive characteristics of cv Tegera grown in the conditions of Central Balkan Mountains were observed. It was found that cv Tegera grafted on the vegetative rootstocks SJ A and Fereley was suitable for establishment of intensive plum orchards, with smaller planting spacings. When grafted on Myrobalan, it can be recommended also for growing in mountain conditions with lower-fertility soils.

Key words: plum, cultivar, growth, fruit bearing.

Title: Plum cultivar Elena in the Troyan conditions

Authors: Hristina Dinkova, Boryana Stefanova, Kalin Dragoyski

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Abstract: Cultivar Elena was imported for study in Bulgaria in 2001 under the programme for production of certified planting material implemented by the Bulgarian-German Project FAMAD with a view to filling the gap in assortment having occurred after dropping out of Kyustendilska Sinya Sliva due to its Plum pox virus (PPV) susceptibility. The study was conducted in the conditions of the Troyan region, which is a typical plum producing region. Cultivar Elena grafted on rootstock Myrobalan had moderate growth vigour under nonirrigated conditions, was precocious and gave regular and high yields. The fruits were medium large, 20-30 g and had high content of soluble solids, so they are suitable for drying. For the conditions of the Troyan region the cultivar is of interest to the plum producers as an alternative to Kyustendilska Sinya Sliva.

Key words: plum, Prunus domestica, cultivar testing, cv Elena.

Title: POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LATE RIPENING NECTARINE CULTIVARS

Authors: Gordan Zec, Slavica Čolić, Zoran Janković

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Abstract: The paper presents three year study results (2006-2008) on nine late ripening nectarine cultivars (August, 15th-September, 15th). The ivestigation was conducted in the production-trial orchard in Padinska Skela (near Belgrade). The cultivars were described according to the method of the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources. The aim of study was evaluation of pomological characteristics of late nectarine cultivars and their suitability for growing in the region of south Vojvodina. The highest yield had cv Orion and clone of Stark Red Gold. The most atractive fruits have cv Morsiani 51 and cv Orion. Skin cracking with small degree was observed on fruits of cv Vega. Clone of Stark Red Gold showed lowest susceptiblity to spring frost.

Key words: nectarine, late ripening, pomological characteristics.

Title: Evaluation of plum cultivars suitable for sustainable fruit production in the mountain regions of Bulgaria

Authors: Kalin Dragoyski, Hristina Dinkova, Boryana Stefanova, Penka Mihailova

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Abstract: On the basis of continuous studies conducted in the 1994-2007 period an evaluation of 10 plum cultivars tested in IMSA Troyan was made in connection with their use in technologies and systems for ecologically friendly and organic production. Particular attention was paid to the behaviour of the cultivars to abiotic and biotic factors, such as unpretentiousness to soil conditions, resistance to diseases and insect pests. A main criterion was their behaviour to the plum pox virus. The following cultivars were characterized as suitable for integrated plum production: Mirabelle de Nancy, Elena, Valevka, Gabrovska, Jojo, Tuleu Timpuriu, Stanley, C. Lepotica, Tegera, Hanita, They can be cultivated with decreased use of mineral fertilizers and reduced plant protection.

Key words: plum, cultivars, resistance, PPV, organic production.

Title: RIPENING TIME AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUITS OF INTRODUCED SWEET CHERRY CULTIVARS (Prunus avium L.)

Authors: Sanja Radičević, Radosav Cerović, Ivana Glišić, Olga Mitrović

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Abstract: The paper presents two-year results of the study of ripening time and biochemical composition of fruits of 16 sweet cherry cultivars (Bianca di Verona, Junska Rana, Lapins, Early Compact Van, Merchant, Čarna, Vega, Compact Stella, Kordia, Summit, Sunburst, Margit, Vista, Stark Hardy Giant, Durone Nero III and Inge) which were compared to those of standard cultivar Bigarreau Hativ de Burlat. Cv Junska Rana is the earliest whereas cv Lapins is the latest one in respect to ripening time. The greatest number of the studied cultivars belong to the group characterized by ripening in the fourth week of the period of ripening. The highest soluble solids content was in interval from 14.80% (cv Margit) to 18.22% (cv Durone Nero III). The highest total sugar content was reported in Vista and Durone Nero III (12.48%), and the lowest was in Junska Rana (9.77%), inverted sugar content being highest in cv Merchant (11.91%), and lowest in cv Junska Rana (8.91%). As for total acids, cv Bianca di Verona exhibited the highest content (0.85%), cv Margit displaying the lowest total acids (0.57%). With regard to the highest total acids content, the juice of cv Bianca di Verona and that of Durone Nero III had the lowest and highest pH value respectively, i.e. 3.44 and 3.74. Besides the rising trend in soluble solids content, and total and inverted sugars over the period of ripening, cultivars that have high respective values can be singled out from each ripening group, which infers that all generalizations in respect of correlation of fruit quality and ripening time are unjustifiable.

Key words: sweet cherry, cultivar, biochemical fruit compositions.

Title: POMO-TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF INTRODUCED HAZELNUT CULTIVARS

Authors: Milisav Mitrović, Rade Miletić, Milan Lukić

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Abstract: Three-year results of the study of the 3 newly introduced French hazelnut cultivars (Corabel, Merveille de Bollwiller, Segorbe) suggest the following: – Fruit weight ranged between 2.35 g (cv Segorbe) and 3.46 g (cv Merveille de Bollwiller), whereas stone mass ranged from 1.07 g (cv Segorbe) to 1.51 g (cv Merveille de Bollwiller). Depending on fruit and stone weight, fruit ratio was between 43.6% in (cv Merveille de Bollwiller) and 47.2% in cv Corabe; – Oil content in fruits of the studied cultivars ranged from 56.43% (cv Barcelona) to 62.29% (cv Merveille de Bollwiller), protein content was 15.42% in cv Corabel and 17.59% in cv Segorbe, whereas mineral matter content ranged from 2.37% to 2.76% in cvs Barcelona and Merveille de Bollwiller respectively.

Key words: hazelnut, introduced cultivars, phenology, vigor, cropping, fruit

Title: Raspberry production in Bulgaria

Authors: Teodora Stoyanova, Ivan Minev, Stancho Hristov

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Abstract: Development of raspberry production in Bulgaria was examined at its particular stages. The results of Bulgarian raspberry production were analyzed and compared with those of major raspberry producers in the world. In the last years the raspberry yields and planting areas have been drastically decreased. Having potentialities and yields of 13,000-14,000 t and ranking third in the world in 1971, Bulgaria took 13th place in 1996-2000. Morphological characteristics of the raspberry cultivars Shopska Alena, Samodiva, Balgarski Rubin, Meeker, Willamette, Newburg, Marlborough were studied. Cultivars Samodiva, Shopska Alena and Willamette were most promising and adaptable to the contemporary global changes in the climate.

Key words: raspberry, production, stages of development, cultivars.